How the Asian Immigrants Get Unequal Treatment and Punishment in Their Life Free Essay Example, 1500 words

It is evidently clear from the discussion that since the birth of America, the United States has become a place for hopes for people who have relocated from their hometown because of various problems like poverty, political insecurity, and famine. Unfortunately, the United States has a shameful history of treating immigrants poorly. Many immigrants have over the years been persecuted, avoided, and discriminated against. The author of the paper states that Asian Americans have come a long way from a history of segregation and discrimination that are faced by other racial minorities. They come in the United State to work in the railroads, but were seen as a threat against the white racial purity, the economy, and the general public. This led to the creation of legal actions to exclude Asian Americans from getting fair treatment that is enjoyed by people from white descent. This issue has continued to modern-day America. The present essay has identified that law enforcement agencies fa iled to recognize racial crimes until 1990. Even after the Hate Crime Statistics Act was passed, Asians still face racial discrimination and crimes because of lack of proper differentiation of these crimes from another form of crimes. We will write a custom essay sample on How the Asian Immigrants Get Unequal Treatment and Punishment in Their Life or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Actions against these crimes are also disregarded because the focus on racism is usually concentrated on the white and black races. It is unfortunate that the minority Asian Americans are usually treated differently because of their race. This paper tells that racial labels, slurs, and fear still persist in society today. This racial group is stuck between being considered as a threat to the well-being of other groups and being a contributing member of society. According to the essay findings, it can, therefore, be said that this situation will continue unless changes are made and awareness is raised on the fact that Asian Americans can also be victims of racial acts.

Why Did Martin Luther Start The Protestant Reformation.

Why did Martin Luther start the Protestant Reformation? After five centuries, it is easy to reduce the Protestant Reformation to a dispute over corruption in the Roman Catholic Church. But was it dissension over corruption or was it more complex than that? While corruption existed in the Church during the Renaissance, the Reformation was as much about politics, theology, and individualism, as it was about rooting out corruption. When looking at the religious values that guide human choices, why did Martin Luther break away from the Catholic Church? It would seem that patience and more open communication by both sides could have prevented the initial break between Martin Luther and the Catholic Church. This would have spared the†¦show more content†¦Luther’s study of St. Paul, through the lens of St. Augustine, changed how he felt. Luther came to understand that the righteousness of God of which Paul wrote in Romans 1:17, referred to the righteousness by which the sinner is graciously justified by faith, not the standard of righteousness by which God would judge sinners struggling to attain justification by their own efforts. This understanding transformed the troubled monk, who now found peace with God through faith. He saw his discovery or recovery of the ancient Pauline teaching as a radical departure from the views of the medieval doctors of the Catholic Church. And yet this was not so. Unbeknownst to Luther, the leading medieval commentators held the same view of the righteousness of God. Luther also came to understand faith as God’s merciful gift by which we receive the further gift of justification, in contrast to all human efforts to merit or earn God’s favor. As a way of insisting that human beings contribute nothing of their own to justification, Luther insisted that man is justified by faith alone. Luther’s discovery was more than a personal breakthrough. He was by now a professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg, where he preached this understanding of the righteousness of God to students. Yet not until the question of the sale of indulgences arose in Luther’s diocese did the issue acquire legs, as the journalists say. Luther’s subsequent break with theShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1029 Words   |  5 Pages The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in the 16th century that was against the Roman Catholic and its way of controlling things. Martin Luther, a reformer along with John Calvin and Henchurches VII. Luther may have had full faith in God, but he also had fear in him and his powers. They questioned the authority of the church and argued over political and religious powers in the hands of the bible. Martin Luther was the starter of it all. Martin Luther was a German monk who decided to startRead MoreMakayla Horton. Dr. Skaggs. World Civ. Ii. 1 February 2017.1182 Words   |  5 PagesTheses were written by Martin Luther in 1517. At the time of writing, Luther had devoted his life to Jesus Christ, and had become a monk. In his Theses, he expressed the idea that someone must be completely willing to commit penance in order for it to be legitimate, and Luther gave several reasons why he was critical of the sale of indulgences. He challenged the authority of the pope and other powerful positions of the church multiple times throughout his writings. Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five ThesesRead MoreCatholic Church During The Protestant Reformation1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe three areas of concern that Catholics had about the Catholic Church before the Protestant Reformation were The Plague, Abuse of the Indulgences and The Great Schism. The Plague also known as the Black Death was a disease caused by the bacterium Yersin ia pestis that circulated among wild rodents. The disease took place in the fourteenth century. Symptoms include aching of limbs, high fever, vomiting of blood, and swelling of the lymph nodes. After the lymph nodes swelled they would then burstRead MoreThe Reformation : The Success Of The Catholic Reformation864 Words   |  4 Pages The Catholic Reformation was the response of the Protestant movement in the sixteenth century. By the sixteenth century, many people lost the trust for the Catholic Church because it was corrupt. Popes and Cardinals became involved in politics and were more like kings than spiritual leaders and Nepotism was rampant. This loss of trust led people to moved on into other branches of Christianity which includes, Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anabaptism. Catholic Church’s realized it needed to re-establishRead MoreThe Reformation in Germany1299 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe and account for the progress of the Reformation in Germany to c. AD 1535. The Reformation in Germany, which made a major impact on world history, was started by Martin Luther when, on a quest for his own personal salvation, became disillusioned with the Roman Catholic Church and began to speak out about his beliefs. This essay will describe and account for the progress of the Reformation in Germany to c. AD 1535 by outlining Luther’s life to 1517, the conflict that followed his Ninety-FiveRead MoreTurning Point in History ~Martin Luther and the 95 Theses2529 Words   |  11 PagesProtestant Reformation: Martin Luther’s 95 theses Kaitlin Alexander Senior Division Historical Paper The sixteenth century, known as the Renaissance, was a time of momentous change in Europe. This time period impacted the World in many ways including the arts, music, literature, science, and religion; however religion made the biggest impact to the culture (MacCulloch, 107,2). Religion was integral to every part of the culture; the image of Christ was the focal point its paintings, the ChurchRead MoreWhat Were The Conditions Created During The Later Middle Ages Which Laid The Groundwork For The Reformation? Essay1886 Words   |  8 PagesThe Reformation Question 1: What were the conditions created during the later Middle Ages which laid the groundwork for the Reformation? I have chosen to look at: the effects of the black death the ending of the feudal system the growth of humanism and science The Protestant Reformation took place in Europe, beginning in the 14th century. It was the movement in which the church established a new branch of Christianity; Protestantism. The Reformation was caused by the Western Schism, RenaissanceRead MoreProtestant Reformation : The Black Plague2109 Words   |  9 PagesProtestant reformation Task 1A The Black Death sometimes called the black plague was devastating for the people living in Europe from 1346 to 1353 Killing around 200 million people, there were many different theories to what was happening to everyone, Most people thought that it was some kind of judgement day, killing all the people who had sinned. Until the priests and popes and important people that no one ever thought God would want dead, so eventually most people figured out that by goingRead MoreThe Reformation : How It Affect The Future?1938 Words   |  8 Pagesaspect. When we look at history only a few things really stick out in the as highlights in our brain. The Reformation is one of those things in history that protrudes out of time in significance. Its significance though like many other things is not only found in the lasting historical effect has had, but also the eternal effect it has had on people s live. So what is the Protestant Reformation? According to theopedia.com it is â€Å"Protestantism is the movement within Christianity, representing a splitRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation Essay1978 Words   |  8 PagesFrom the time Christianity began to the time of the Protestant Reformation, for about a millennium and a half, there was only one sect of Christianity: Catholicism. After the Protestant Reformation, however, different Christian denominations sprang up in many parts of Europe. The Protestant Reformation’s beginning is most commonly associated with Martin Luther’s beliefs and his protest of the wrongdoings of the Catholic Church. Before the Reformation, the Catholic Church was more interested in raising

Recruiting Project Managers Define Leadership

Question: Describe about the Recruiting Project Managers for Define Leadership. Answer: Introduction Researchers Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee (2013) define leadership as the art of providing such services or facilities to others (to the subordinates to be very specific), such that they receive the training, guidance and the tools that are essential for realizing their full potential. Such leadership processes are necessary for the completion of organizational projects. The following sections of the report would provide an annotated bibliography of eight scholarly literatures that present discussions on various aspects of project team leadership. The concluding part of the report would be utilized for summarizing the information available from the said papers. Organizational Background Omar Jibran Engineering Industries is one of the leading vendors of Injection moulded plastic component to automotive industry in Pakistan. The organization had a very well equipped production facility but relied on foreign companies for supply of moulds and tooling for production of parts. After conducting annual SWOT analysis the management of organization realises that an in-house mould manufacturing facility is crucial for the sustainable growth of organization. The in-house mould manufacturing plant will not only reduced time and cost for producing parts but it an opportunity to diversify the organization product range. The initial project plan developed by Project Manager suggests that this project is expected to cost as much as 10 million US dollars and be completed within a span of 8 months. The plan also identify that a team of 25 people is required for completion of Project. The major issue faced by organization for accomplishment of this project is unamiability of suitably qualified local work force, to overcome the problem the organization developed an extensive training and retention plan for the team that worked on this project. The annotated bibliography provided in the following section has been conducted as a part of the research work undertaken for the project. The annotated bibliography The founder president of Heasley and Partners, Ms. Kathy Heasley defines leadership in the following words: "Leadership is being bold enough to have vision and humble enough to recognize achieving it will take the efforts of many people people who are most fulfilled when they share their gifts and talents, rather than just work. Leaders create that culture, serve that greater good and let others soar"(Heasleyandpartners.com 2016). The following section of the report would be utilized for reporting the findings of the various scholarly articles (essentially covering topics on team leadership) that have been reviewed for documenting this report. The design or structuring of project teams: Resource 2.1.1 Resource: Wright, E. 2013. Project Team Development and How to Accelerate It.PM World Journal, [online] 2(10), pp.1-7. Available at: https://www.pmworldjournal.net [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Discussion: This paper is about the sequential steps of the team development for a project. The study of this article will help to understand the way of developing an effective team for the short-term projects. The designed methodology for the project team development has been tested in the practical field for understanding the effectiveness. Thus, the methodology of the research work was the experimental method. The literature review method was used for the development of the stages of the team development and then the effectiveness of the developed team structuring strategy was experimented among the graduate and undergraduate students practical classes on a private sector university campus in the Midwest. The project team develop strategy described in this paper is about the team development for the students in their capstone project. It is also helpful for the team preparation in the organizational project in the practical field. The team development strategy is developed based on the Tuckman model and necessary for developing a team for any project in the present edge. The paper is useful in understanding the proper leadership role of the mangers of developing an effective team for a project. The different steps described in the journal are very helpful for understanding the way of active project team development by enhancing the readers' knowledge in the area of leadership. Resource 2.1.2 Resource: Dayan, M. and Elbanna, S., 2011. Antecedents of team intuition and its impact on the success of new product development projects.Journal of Product Innovation Management,28(s1), pp.159-174. Discussion: This research paper is about the team development for a new product development project. The different factors of team development and structuring covered in this research paper are the team intelligence, quality of the teamwork and the charged behavior in the field of the new team development for developing product. The methodology used for conducting the research work was the survey method. The sample of the research study were 568 firms in the industries in Ankara and Istanbul. The respondents of the survey were the project managers and the team members of the teams of the new product development in the companies. The research study was conducted for satisfying some predefining hypotheses. The research paper has the authentic data from the practical filed of the project team development for the new products in different types of organization. The findings of the study are helpful for understanding the effective decisions of the managers for developing a team for developing a new product. However, the use of the retrospective data was a limitation of the research study regarding the validity and reliability of the data. The research paper is related to the organizational context of the current research work. This article helped to understand the different factors of team development and taking the superior for managing the team for a new product development. Collaboration in the project environment: Resource 2.2.1 Resource: Suprapto, M., Bakker, H.L., Mooi, H.G. and Moree, W., 2015. Sorting out the essence of ownercontractor collaboration in capital project delivery. International Journal of Project Management,33(3), pp.664-683. Discussion: In this article, the authors have reported the findings of the research work that was aimed at pointing out the optimized collaboration strategies among project owners and contractors essential for the success of engineering projects. The authors have utilized the primary methods of study for conducting this research work: as many as ten senior engineers who have had the experience of being considered as project reporting personnel and project managers have been interviewed. The data collected from these personnel have been analyzed with the help of Q methodology to arrive at a conclusion. The findings reported by the authors indicate that essential components of any collaborative environment, according to the practitioners who have been reviewed are: shared objectives an honest and open communication system a work culture in which no one blames each other and acceptance of shared responsibilities. The data presented in the article is indeed reliable, as the entire information has been based on the primary sources: which is the major strength of the paper. However, the researchers have not conducted any industry wise classification of the data, which can be considered as a weakness. The findings of this research work can essentially be utilized to develop a collaborative work environment in Omar Jibran Engineering Industries and thus the selection of the article is justified. Resource 2.2.2 Resource: Janutaite, S., Vosyliute, V., Vizgirdaite, J. and Taras, V., 2015. Cross-cultural Virtual Group Work: Cooperation vs. Collaboration (Case of Project X-Culture). Social Sciences, 88(2), pp.66-88. Discussion: In this article, the researcher has made an attempt to identify the scenarios in which team collaboration should be utilized in contrast the situations demanding team co-operation. The entire research work is been based on the case study of X-Culture, a project that started in 2010 under the leadership of Dr. Vas Taras with the aim of developing a team of corporate employees, students, professors and other experts from the field of academic research. Those who were in that point of time, interested in working together on various research projects. As mentioned in the article, Janutaite had interviewed some of the members associated with the X-Culture project to fulfil the objective of the study. The author has concluded that the transition from team co-operation to team collaboration should essentially occur during the norming and perform phases of teamwork. However, the researcher has also highlighted the fact that most project teams fail to go through this transition process. The findings of this research work would indeed guide project managers in pinpointing the exact phase at which team collaborations should be utilized. Creating a productive project environment: Resource 2.3.1 Resource: Kessels, J. and Keursten, P., 2002. Creating a knowledge productive work environment. Lifelong Learning in Europe, 7(2), pp.104-112. Discussion: In this article, researchers Kessels and Keursten have attempted to identify the manner in which work environments are changing and the manner in which the productivity of such environments can be improved, such that the employees working in such conditions can consider the same as a learning opportunity and increase their efficiency. The authors have conductive an extensive review of several scholarly articles, thus being capable of finding out the following factors that might be immensely effective in the development of a productive work environment: The exchange of knowledge among the employees who are working together Allowing an employee to work on ideas or activities that they are interested in or are competent. Encouraging the employees in improving their knowledge and skills. It has already been mentioned that there exists a little difference in between structure of research organizations and organizational projects. Thus, it is expected that the information provided in this article would allow project leaders in managing their team environment in a better way. Resource 2.3.2 Resource: Meshanko, P., 2013. The Respect Effect: Using the Science of Neuroleadership to Inspire a More Loyal and Productive Workplace. Cell, 216, pp.513-8740. Discussion: Paul Meshanko, the CEO and President of the Legacy Business Cultures' provides a glimpse of the manner in which certain leadership skills of the managerial authorities can be of great help in producing a working environment that not only increases the productivity and efficiency of the employees but also ensures their loyalty towards the organization. The author has an extensive experience in the domain of neuroscience and had utilized in the same in the identifying the manner in which the lessons provided by this specific domain of science can be effectively used in the practical domain. The authors association with various educational and scientific research groups has brought him to the conclusion that the following are the golden rules for creating an efficient and productive workplace environment: Being capable of communicating in an effective manner Being capable of managing disputes and disagreements Being capable of understanding situations from different perspectives. Being capable of learning from mistakes Being capable of encouraging the team members to improve their abilities continuously. The author had primarily pointed out the above-mentioned factors in the context of academic research groups. However, since most organizational project teams are structured in a fashion similar to such research groups, it is expected that the adherence to the golden rules would necessarily facilitate the process of increasing the productivity of a project team. Selecting project team members/project team member competencies: Resource 2.4.1 Resource: Ahsan, K., Ho, M. and Khan, S., 2013. Recruiting project managers: A comparative analysis of skills and recruitment signals from job advertisements. Project Management Journal, 44(5), pp.36-54. Discussion: In this research article, Ahsan et al. have attempted towards identifying the characteristics and competencies that business organizations expect to have in project managers. The researchers have utilized the method of content analysis for analyzing the recruitment offers posted in leading newspapers. Besides this, the researchers have also collected information from various recruitment websites and have arrived at the conclusion that technical expertise, leadership qualities and efficient communication skills are considered the most essential qualities of project team members. The findings presented in this report would essentially facilitate the process of hiring the project team leaders, based on their skills and qualifications. However, use of only secondary sources is a limitation of the research work. Use of primary data could be more valuable for gathering the data from actual practical filed. The research article is very helpful for understanding the proper way of selecting the project team members and evaluating their skills. The understanding of these factors will help the readers for developing their leadership skills for the future project development works. The study is also relevant to the organizational context of the current research work as it is about developing different types of plastic products through efficient team work, for which the selecting effective project team members is highly significant. Resource 2.4.2 Resource: Loufrani-Fedida, S. and Missonier, S., 2015. The project manager cannot be a hero anymore! Understanding critical competencies in project-based organizations from a multilevel approach.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), pp.1220-1235. Discussion: This particular article is aimed at enhancing the manner in which critical competencies are considered in multilevel organizational projects. The writers have considered the case studies of four project-based organizations and have utilized the findings to point out the competencies that are considered critical in such enterprises. The writers have utilized a case study methodology to conduct the research work that has been reported in this article. The four organization that were selected for doing the research work included IBM and Hewlett-Packard, two renowned enterprises developing IT hardware, the well-known pharmaceutical organization Arkopharma and Temex which is common knowledge for developing electronic products. The researchers had interviewed employees (including project team members, project managers, HR officials and HR managers) of the above-mentioned organizations to gain idea regarding the competencies that are considered critical in these organizations. The findings of the research work indicate that senior managers associated with the organizational projects are expected to have project management competencies, irrespective of the domains in which these organizations operate. In a very similar fashion, technical skills are expected of project team members. The strength of the article lies in the fact that the data were collected by the researchers themselves, thus being reliable. However, the number of interviews conducted was not significant (only 64) which can be considered as a weakness. The article has been chosen as it provides reliable data about manufacturing organizations, which can be utilized in case of the organizational context selected for this report. Conclusions The discussions made in the report mainly point towards the fact that an effective team leadership is a mandate for organizations aimed at achieving key results. Since organizational projects are conducted with the objective of fulfilling individual business goals and objectives, it can be pointed out that effective leadership qualities are essential for the successful completion of such projects. The articles discussed in section 2.1 of the report provide a detailed discussion on the manner in which the structuring of project teams can be efficiently conducted, while those discussed in Section 2.2 define the effect of team collaboration on achieving the organizational objectives and goals. On the other hand, section 2.3 sheds light on some of the essential characteristics of productive project environments and section 2.4 deals with the must have skills or competencies of employees (along with that of team leaders or managers) allocated to a project. In the light of the discussions made in the report, we can safely conclude that effective communication skills and the ability to share knowledge are some of the most important characteristics that need to be present among the members of a project team, to ensure the overall success of the said project. On the other, the project managers need to oversee the appropriate allocation of resources (based on their skills, interests and competencies) to ensue productive project environments. References Ahsan, K., Ho, M. and Khan, S., 2013. Recruiting project managers: A comparative analysis of competencies and recruitment signals from job advertisements. Project Management Journal, 44(5), pp.36-54. Dayan, M. and Elbanna, S., 2011. Antecedents of team intuition and its impact on the success of new product development projects.Journal of Product Innovation Management,28(s1), pp.159-174. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A., 2013. Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Heasleyandpartners.com, 2016. HEASLEYPARTNERS. [online] HEASLEYPARTNERS. Available at: https://www.heasleyandpartners.com/ [Accessed 23 Jul. 2016]. Janutaite, S., Vosyliute, V., Vizgirdaite, J. and Taras, V., 2015. Cross-cultural Virtual Group Work: Cooperation vs. Collaboration (Case of Project X-Culture). Social Sciences, 88(2), pp.66-88. Kessels, J. and Keursten, P., 2002. Creating a knowledge productive work environment. Lifelong Learning in Europe, 7(2), pp.104-112. Loufrani-Fedida, S. and Missonier, S., 2015. The project manager cannot be a hero anymore! Understanding critical competencies in project-based organisations from a multilevel approach. International Journal of Project Management,33(6), pp.1220-1235. Meshanko, P., 2013. The Respect Effect: Using the Science of Neuroleadership to Inspire a More Loyal and Productive Workplace. Cell, 216, pp.513-8740. Suprapto, M., Bakker, H.L., Mooi, H.G. and Moree, W., 2015. Sorting out the essence of ownercontractor collaboration in capital project delivery.International Journal of Project Management,33(3), pp.664-683. Wright, E. 2013. Project Team Development and How to Accelerate It.PM World Journal, [online] 2(10), pp.1-7. Available at: https://www.pmworldjournal.net [Accessed 14 Aug. 2016].

John Locke Money and Property Essay Example For Students

John Locke Money and Property Essay Locke starts in the chapter concerning property by stating that, whether by natural reason or the word of God, the world is given to the people in common to use for their benefit. â€Å"God, who had given the world to men in common had also given them reason to make use of it to the best advantage of life and convenience. He then asks an important question: if the world and all the goods on the earth is the common property of mankind, how does one individual acquire individual property? How does one determine what one own and what he or she has the right to? And how much does one have the right to? In this paper I would like to explain Locke’s argument concerning where property comes from and what gives individual right to keep and maintain that property. Property is a product of labor because it is the effort of acquiring and maintaining that one use that makes it his or hers. Everything produced by nature is as stated every man’s common property and no one originally have a private ownership to what natures produce. For personal ownership and individual property to exist, there must be a reason or appropriate, and it must provide some sort of benefit to that person that appoint it his or hers. Locke presents the idea that property of a person is his own body and this person is the only one who has the rights to that body. â€Å"Every man has a property in his own person. This no body has any right to but himself. Moreover he explains that because we are owners of our own body, the labor we perform with our own body is also ours. If we then apply this labor when we acquire something produced by the nature, the labor will make this ours and therefore our individual property. Whatsoever then he removes out of the state of nature had provided, and left it in, he had mixed his labor with, and joined to it something that is his own. † He also explains that when a person have used his labor and claimed ownership over the object this â€Å"transforms† the object from common to individual property and therefore it excludes the right of other men to own it. He presents an example of picking an apple: when I add my labor by picking the apple I make it my property and I appropriated it to myself. â€Å"If the first gathering made them not his, nothing else could. That labor put a distinction between them and common. † All of human beings have the same right and one does not need consent from other humans to pick the apple, but there is a certain limit on how much one should acquire for oneself. Locke sets a limit for how much property one should be in possession of. It is not a limit made up of a specific figure, but a limit within reason. A person should only acquire as much property one can reasonably use and enjoy. â€Å"God has given us all things richly But how far has he given it us? To enjoy. Nothing was made to spoil, and the world was given to human for the benefit of life. By cultivating land one would improve life, but by spoiling or wasting goods, human would not maintain the world, but rather rob their neighbors for that opportunity. â€Å"If the fruits rotted or the venison putrified, before he could spend it, he offended against the common law of nature. Locke then applies these rules to land. A person may claim land by adding labor to it: farming or building a house on it, but again only as much which is reasonable without wasting. .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f , .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f .postImageUrl , .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f , .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f:hover , .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f:visited , .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f:active { border:0!important; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f:active , .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub29445646887ce7d4c6b3de394425b0f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Documentary - Bowling for Columbine EssayLocke then defines labor as the tool to determine the difference of value. â€Å"The improvement of labor makes the greater part of the value. † Locke finishes the chapter by explaining the gains of trade between each other and the invention of money. Many goods have a short life span, and by trading goods, one does not waste or destroy the common stock. This is also how the invention of money occurred. This was an agreement of men to put a value on goods. Money allows them to trade goods in exchange for a specific valuation, and this way prevents spoiling of goods. Money is a material valuation, which exceeds from labor. â€Å"Money, some lasting thing that men might keep without spoiling, and that by mutual consent men would exchange for the truly useful, but perishable supports life. † The conclusion of Locke’s argument of where property comes from is that property comes from oneself and the labor put in to an object. When labor is mixed with common goods from the nature it becomes individual property although one should only have as much property as necessary, without any waste. The gains from trade and the use of money is one way to prevent waste.

Pricing Strategies in International Markets

Introduction The theory of marketing establishes pricing as one of the major contributors of the marketing mix. Pricing attracts potential buyers and inspire them to purchase goods. Fast food companies distribute and advertise their products using the marketing strategy; they also apply the strategy to retain a desirable business relationship with their clients. Pricing is important in marketing mix.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing Strategies in International Markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is however one of the hard decisions experienced by fast food industries because of high competition rates (Myers 1997,p.20), local trading blocks, counter market requirements (Cavusgil Zou 1994,p.18) and harsh exchange rates (Knetter 1994,p.14). Fast food customers have different opinions about the products produced by different fast food restaurants depending on their pricing. For that reason, setting pr oduct price to satisfy different customers is a hard task. The price of a product may have an effect on consumer’s feelings about the quality of the product. Fast food companies have to come up with pricing strategies for their products in order to fit into global markets. Fast food industries are faced with a hard task of setting prices for global markets. Different countries have different decisions concerning products, their pricing and distribution in global markets and local markets (Jain 1998, p.71). In addition, other factors like trade penetration, product demand and competition, control over competition entry, market and environmental factors, fast cash recovery, political, social-cultural and economic factors should be considered when making pricing decisions for global markets. Pricing strategies Price is the value charged for goods and services in monetary terms. The price of a product takes into account the cost of producing the item, the cost involved in providi ng the item to the customer and the amount expected in profit to avoid being eliminated from the business.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In order for the fast food companies to stay in international markets, they should try to maintain best quality at lowest price. Price can be direct indication of quality of goods and services. Fast food companies should therefore consider different factors before pricing their products when venturing into global markets. Reasons for selling globally Companies opt to sell globally following the pull factors attracting them to foreign markets, and the push factors that make local markets unattractive. Some of factors that have led fast food companies to go international include: production of goods for international export only, congestion of local market thus goes globally to enjoy large economies of scale, the type of products that call for companies to operate globally and saturation of local markets. Fast food companies should consider pricing as a measure of readiness to face competition not only from local markets, but also from global markets. Being globally competitive is important for the success of fast food companies’ exports. It also strengthens the domestic companies to counter foreign imports. Success in exports is important to a nation’s economy, not only at macroeconomic level, but also at micro economic level. Fast food companies that are involved in global markets have an additional advantage to those at domestic market levels. These advantages includes: high levels of sales and opportunities, reduced production cost due to large sales volume, high profits due to low production cost , high competitive power increases the companies status at global market levels and taking advantage over large economies of scale. Fluctuations in prices of fast foods help the fast food companies to set p rices both domestically and globally. Discovery of new markets for their products with low local prices assists these companies in setting the prices of these products internationally. This helps in extending the life cycle of the product in the market. Fast food companies that operate internationally have the advantage of finding untapped markets for their products; therefore, they have a choice of fixing prices for their products.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing Strategies in International Markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pitfalls of international markets Knowing the pitfalls associated with international markets is a strategy that is applied by fast food companies when setting the prices for their products. Some of these pitfalls include: a lot of time is required by the management in decision making process and neglect of domestic industries as a result of a lot of devotion to international c ompanies by the key staff. Additional industry facilities maybe required and advertising and sales promotion might be needed to translate into overseas languages. The products might require more modification to cater for global market requirements and the companies may be required to offer credit facilities to curb competition and domestic custom transactions, which consumes lot of time. Considering these pitfalls is an important strategy that fast food companies should use when setting the prices for their products globally. Global markets vs. domestic markets Before making decision about setting prices for their products in global markets, fast food companies have a task of determining the factors that influence the environment in which the international market takes place. They should take precautions like making comparison between the natures of local market with that of international market. Basically, there are added complications associated with making sales across internatio nal borders. These challenges may be associated with environmental, economical, legal and cultural factors of the new global market. The company may be required to follow some regulations, both political and monetary; this may affect the initial stages of global pricing and marketing (Diamantopoulos 1995,p.6). Fast food companies that operate in international markets face more competition as compared to those operating locally. International markets are comprised of extra markets as well as new environments and parameters. This means that companies have to take more marketing and administration functions. Therefore, when pricing for global markets, these companies should consider the change in attitudes of the targeted clients. It is imperative to carry out a survey to get accustomed with the consumers’ culture, religion and language (Douglass Wind 1987, p.24).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For fast food companies to survive and to be established in international markets, they have to think ahead of their local markets. The duty associated with global markets is similar to that of local markets. In both cases, consumers are the driving powers towards marketing, and therefore, companies need consistency in production. The pricing should match the market needs and their distribution channels. This can however be different in the domestic markets. Therefore, companies get used to the requirements of these domestic consumers. However, at global levels, economic, social, political and technological factors have been used to examine international market opportunities in pricing products. Social factors Different people from different cultures have diversity in tastes of products. When setting the prices for their products, fast food industries should put into consideration the population structure of the international market they are targeting. Most major international marke ts of western culture are comprised of an aging population. The demographic trends associated with countries like China and India indicate a high rise in global marketing. Social factors will incorporate the emergence of young people as a new market segment. New global markets, like Africa, are growing and becoming a significant part of international trade. Fast food companies have to consider the local languages, education and religion, values and attitudes, material culture and aesthetics. Fast food companies have the responsibility of cautiously studying the target group in the market, customer’s behaviors and their purchasing power. According to Douglass and Wind (1987, p.27), the level of pricing is a significant criteria applied by customers in determining the competitiveness of a product. In addition, other criteria like the quality of goods and their performance are also vital to customers. Therefore, when pricing, fast food companies must have information concerning perceptions, tastes, preferences and purchasing power of consumers in regard to the prices of the products (Theodosiou 2000, p.247). Technological factors In order to come up with good pricing strategies, fast food companies should examine the technological nature of the global market. Advancement in communication and infrastructure is a significant step in satisfying the needs of customers. Most international companies depend on already established local infrastructural networks for distribution of goods to their customers. This is cost effective and may have a great impact on price and profits. Technological advancements are dynamic phenomena. An ideal example is the Internet; it facilitates online transactions between companies’ suppliers, partners, customers and subsidiaries worldwide. However, it can also create an increase in competition, and therefore, technological advancements create both challenges and opportunities. Pricing is affected by environmental factors; by considering the fundamentals of cost and self interests of the companies, fast food industries should take advantage when there is a fluctuation in environmental factors (Williamson 1975, p.34). Due to technological improvements, environmental factors such as monetary and competitive forces affect the global performance. Economic factors The economic stability of any international market is measured using its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). An increase in GDP means an increase in demand for products and services. Fast food companies should put into consideration the flow and distribution of profits within the country which they want to invest. In this way, they are capable of determining their pricing following the GDP of that country. It is important for the companies to look not only the current economic development of a country, but also the future development. This can be determined by the overlook of country’s demographic trends, the trends on economic development and infl ation, income distribution and age, the state of urban growth as well as activities that will influence markets and pricing. The nature of the economy of a host nation affects the decisions concerning pricing. It affects the company’s costs; influences demand power of a particular product in the market and the will to purchase a product by the consumers (Whitelock Pimblett, 1997, p.48). Political factors According to Theodosiou (2000, p.249), pricing is determined by rules and laws which facilitate modifications of goods, compliance with the hygienic standards, environmental policies, and production procedures that exists in global markets. Policies set by the government of foreign countries are vital in lawmaking and establishment monetary frameworks. For fast food companies to carry out their businesses in global markets, they should abide by these rules and regulations when setting prices for their products. Policy environment For fast food companies to make decisions abo ut pricing their products in foreign markets, they should put into consideration the environmental factors of such markets. These factors are put in place to determine whether such decisions are opportunities or constraints in that market. The social and cultural structure of such a market is the determining factor that is first put into consideration. By accepting bilateral market agreements and other fiscal and policy interactions, companies should also abide by the country’s marketing standards and rules. Therefore, companies must obey the law; know government policies and the way they are created. This is vital for their decision making concerning the product pricing (Myers Harvey 2001,p.4) Conclusion Pricing can be considered as one of the greatest challenges faced by fast food companies. Making decisions concerning the price in global marketing is a complicated task. It may comprise the cost of production, cost of distributing the goods and the outcome of goods in term s of profits in order to remain in the market. Appropriate pricing considers the costs, competition and demand for the product in the market. In local markets fast food companies have a freedom to price their products without taking into account the pricing policies of their competitors. This also applies to international markets where the market is dominated by many competitors. Fast food companies are left with no choice but to follow the existing price, or sometimes lower their prices to sell more and win more customers. Refrences Cavusgil, T Zou, S 1994, â€Å"Marketing Strategy-Performance Relationship: An Investigation of the Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures†. Journal of Marketing , vol. 58 no. 1, pp.1-21. Diamantopoulos, A 1995, Making Pricing Decisions: a Study of Managerial Practice, London, Uk, Chapman and Hall. Douglass, P Wind, Y 1987, â€Å"The Myth of Globalization†. Columbia Journal of World Business , vol. 22 no. 1, pp.19-29. Jain, S 1989, â⠂¬Å"Standardization of International Marketing Strategy: Some Research Hypotheses†. Journal of Marketing , vol. 53 no. 1, pp.70-79. Knetter, M 1994, â€Å"Is Export Price Adjustment Asymmetric? Evaluating the Market Share and Marketing Bottleneck Hypothesis†. Journal of International Money and Finance , vol. 13 no. 1, pp.13-68. Myers, M 1997, â€Å"The Pricing of Export Products: Why Aren’t Managers Satisfied with the Results†. Journal of World Business , vol. 32 no. 3, pp. 277-289. Myers, M Harvey, M 2001, â€Å"The Value of Pricing Control in Export Channels: A Governance Perspective†. Journal of International Marketing , vol. 9 no. 4, pp.1-29. Theodosiou, M 2000, â€Å"Factors Influencing Degree of International Pricing Strategy : An Empirical Investigation†. Marketing in a Global Economy Proceeding , vol. 36 no. 3, pp. 246-530. Whitelock, J Pimblett, C 1997, â€Å"The Standardization Debate in International Marketing†. Journal of Global Marketing , vol. 10 no. 3, pp.45-66. Williamson, O 1975, Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Anti-trust Implications, New York, The Free Press. This essay on Pricing Strategies in International Markets was written and submitted by user Raquel Wilder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to use your time effectively when youre in between jobs

How to use your time effectively when youre in between jobs For most of us, our career paths are not a simple straight line. Instead, there are multiple twists and turns- some planned and others unexpected- along with diversions, reroutes and new and unexpected directions that appear as time goes by. In fact, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average time people spend at their jobs is now only about 4.2 years. Our paths also include times in which we’re gainfully employed and times at which we find ourselves in between jobs, either by choice or circumstance. For most people, filling the time in between jobs can be a real challenge. We want to make sure that we’re using this time to our advantage, but figuring out how to do so effectively- especially if it’s a longer time period than we’d like it to be- can be difficult. With all of this weighing on your shoulders, it’s really in your best interest to try to structure and use your time effectively when you’re in between jobs- both for yo ur long-term health and happiness as well as to help set you up for your next job.Build and maintain your networkIn today’s job market, cold calling and responding to general job ads is way less effective than it used to be. These days, a significant percentage of new jobs are obtained by leveraging your network, which includes your personal and professional contacts. That said, are you taking full advantage of your network? While you’re in between jobs, building and maintaining your contacts is an invaluable use of your time, and who knows- it may not be long before one of your connections comes up with a job opening that perfectly fits what you need and can offer.Look for contract/freelance workJust because you’re between full-time jobs doesn’t mean your time has to be completely work free. In today’s job market, many companies utilize contract and freelance staff for a wide range of projects. Consider seeking out opportunities in your field or i n an area that fits your background and skill set; not only will it provide you with some income, it will also help fill in any lengthy time gaps on your resume- and who knows, if you do a particularly good job on a project you might be considered for a longer-term position when one becomes available.Take a classKeep your mind and skills sharp while in between jobs by taking a class. You can pursue a subject in your professional field- which may help you during your job hunt- or you can take a class in a completely unrelated subject that interests you. Either way, your time will be structured, educational, and well spent.VolunteerAnother good use of your time and energy in between jobs is to volunteer- not only will you be helping to support a worthy cause, you’ll also be keeping active and may possibly even acquire some new skills. Also, you may discover some completely new interests, which may help reshape your career aspirations.Create a backup planIf things just donâ€⠄¢t seem to be going your way and the amount of time that you’re unemployed is becoming a real issue, then it may be a valuable use of your time to come up with a backup plan. Take some time to research alternate fields of interest, industries where your existing background and skills may be easily transferable, and jobs that seem hot right now and have an abundance of openings. It may turn out that your backup plan pans out and makes you happier and more fulfilled than you previously were.Just because you’re in between jobs doesn’t mean that your time can’t be well spent. Use the strategies and advice presented here to make sure you’re using your time effectively.

The Iranian Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Iranian Revolution - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the Iranian Revolution (also referred to as the Islamic Revolution/1979 Revolution) details the events entailing the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty ruled by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was considered a close ally to western governments such as the U.S. The demonstrations against the Shah regime started in October 1977 and developed in to a widespread campaign of civil resistance that can be regarded as partly religious and secular, and reached fever pitch in January 1978. The royal reign ultimately collapsed shortly after the defeat of the loyal troops by guerrilla and rebel troops in armed street battles. After the fall of Pahlavi Dynasty, Iran voted to adopt an Islamic Republic mode of governance, and endorse a fresh democratic-theocratic hybrid Constitution on which Khomeini became Supreme Leader of the country as from December 1979. The Iranian Revolution came as a surprise to many, as well as to Shah of Iran. The Iranian rev olution was a surprise to many given that it lacked the majority of the routine causes of revolution; it generated immense changes at a fast speed, was immensely popular among the masses; and, substituted a modernizing autocratic monarchy with a theocracy grounded in the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists. Even at the height of street protests and demonstrations, neither Iranians nor its key allies such as the U.S officials perceived the possibility that Iran’s armed troops, which was highly modernized and the largest, would be incapable of dealing with the revolutionaries.... Even at the height of street protests and demonstrations, neither Iranians nor its key allies such as the U.S officials perceived the possibility that Iran’s armed troops, which was highly modernized and the largest, would be incapable of dealing with the revolutionaries (Coughlin 4). The causes of the Iranian Revolution can be traced to happenings that long predated it. In 1963, the Shah launched his â€Å"White Revolution† detailing a series of radical reforms fashioned at modernizing and westernizing Iran. Although, the instituted reforms generated rapid economic growth, they also yielded to social dislocation, speedy urbanization, and the incorporation of western habits and customs by the ruling elite, which alienated traditionalists and pious religious elements within Iranian society (Abrahamian 6). The undertaken reforms also threatened to undermine the economic base and persuasion on Iran’s clerical establishments by alienating the clergy from the regime. This ultimately proved catastrophic in the end with the collapse of the monarch (Amuzegar 10). Although, the Shah enjoyed the support of Iran’s upper and middle classes, he did not respond adequately to the rising discontent among the ultra-conservative. Shah had sectional support from some clerics who viewed him as a substitute to the political left. Nevertheless, other clerics were dissatisfied with the way in which the monarch was running its affairs. The clerics associated Shah with his father’s actions in 1936 when he barred clerics from acting as judges within state courts. Ayatollah Khomeini issued a fatwa (religious edict) against the proposed reform and who

Salse and Planing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Salse and Planing - Essay Example The level of interaction is greater and feedback is generated in a positive manner. The convening opportunity to a consumer is more (ICMR, 2010). Trade Selling: The salesperson sells the products to marketing intermediaries like whole sellers and retailers. The consumers are not the direct prospects of the products. The intermediates are the actual consumers and they sell to direct clients (ICMR, 2010). The customer’s expectation towards the organization is difficult to evaluate. There has been decrease in the consumer satisfaction level and even the organizations huge investment towards Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Customer expectations are increasing in relation to salesperson information, swiftness of response, extent and deepness of communication, and customization of information and product/service offerings. Failure to respond and adopt new strategies will negatively affect the sales force. The competition is intense for revenue and market share. The cost to serve consumers plays a greater pressure on the salesman to perform under such situations. During the different phases of PLC due to lack of knowledge of competitor’s products, they might have to face problems. Lack of technology that helps the salespersons to supervise significant information throughout sales cycle and communicate in actual time with their companies, might affect the salesperson performance. In the extremely competitive circumstances, salespersons must be significantly careful about the phrases and the arguments they use and encouragements they offer in endeavouring to succeed the sales. Otherwise, they may be sued by the clients. The managerial forces in form of huge targets have the effect upon the sales force. With increasing competition among the sales managers they tend to push the limits of sales force which ultimately affects the sales force performance. Through the study of consumer behaviour, it is

Issues in Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Issues in Homeland Security - Essay Example Based on the official report of DHS and the research of David Inserra and Steven P. Bucci, border and aviation security, illegal immigration issue, coast-guard revival, ineffective program management and departmental failure, preventing violent domestic extremism, cyber security, and insufficient research and development are the major issues, which are ranked according to the highest priority issues in the homeland security (Webster, 2008, p. 6-15; Bucci & Inserra, 2013). The DHS was formed after the attacks of 9/11 with the main objective of the country’s border and aviation security (Webster, 2008, p. 3). The border and aviation security is crucial for the integrity of the country. Considering the ongoing threat of international and domestic terrorism, enhancement in border and aviation security is the topmost concern for the DHS. Illegal immigration is another issue that is affecting the social and economical stability in the US. Various researches have regularly highlighted the direct link between growing crime rates and increasing number of illegal immigrants in the country (Bucci & Inserra, 2013). Hence, it is second most concerning issues which need to be tackled by implementing policies for current immigration laws enforcement. The necessity of coastguard revival is another priority of the DHS. According to the reports, the rate of coastguard operations has increased due to the growing threats to the US marine security and the necessit y of protecting the state’s interests in adverse conditions, such as in the hurricanes and Arctic (Bucci & Inserra, 2013). Another significant issue in the DHS is its failure to effectively utilize allocated funds and flaws in management system. It is reported that often crucial homeland security funds are invested in low-valued or unnecessary projects such as, zombie apocalypse simulation in California, or underwater robotic devices in Columbus

Non financial factors before decision to discontinue course

Non financial factors before decision to discontinue course As the course used to be popular, there must be certain amount of students have joined for this course. Thus, if Mawar College wants to discontinue this course, they must place their first priority to these students. As what they expected, students will have tons of questions and of course they will feel frustrated and angry. They could even come out with the petition with the hopes that the college could continue running this course before they graduate. Even if the college has decided to discontinue this course, they also have to consider on where they should place these students as they only halfway studying for this course. They have to understand that all these students will absolutely feel unhappy and discontent if the college place them in another course that is not as famous as the course they are studying now. This issue could possibly bother the students and could affect their emotions making them hardly to concentrate well on their studies. (Olejnik and Holschuh 2007) These grievance students will also raise this issue to their parents and again, their parents will call or even pay a visit to Mawar College to identify the reasons and details that halt the course from continuing. However, the college has to remember that not every of these parents are understanding and willing to listen the explanation by management. As being customers, most of them only concern on how much they have already paid and where their children will be placed to. Even some of these parents might argue and quarrel with the college management. When these parents concerns are not being addressed, they might carry out some conducts which could possibly spoil the reputation of the college. For example, these disgruntled parents will start spreading their dissatisfaction about the college because of its failure to meet and satisfy their suspense. (The Associated Press 2010) Recapping above, the image and reputation of Mawar College will be affected and people will start losing confident to the college. Other students might reluctantly register to any courses that run by this college as they worry the same incident might be happening again. Even their parents may discourage them from studying under this college and request them to further their studies in another more reliable college. This has clearly showed that their good impression to the established Mawar College has dashed out and people will hardly believe this college anymore. The Mawar College rankings among other colleges can come to a deep fall and they might face difficulties to gain back their credibility and again be competitive advantage among its competitors. (The Indian Express Limited 2010) Besides of affecting the reputation of the college, the reputation of the well-known University will also be affected. People around the world will start doubting whether the University is having any problems that lead to the discontinuing of the course. University will definitely feel displeasure and will not allow any accusation that will influence its goodwill. This would certainly be a hard job for the college to run any courses under this University in the future since they have break their promises. The University could possibly sue the college if the college breaches the contracts. Hence, the college has to bear the risk of facing legal suits from the University if they have decided to end the course. The college might lose huge amount of money for the purpose to compensate the University because of their doings and this would be a loss to Mawar College. (The Times of India 2010) As the college has already employed a large group of full-time lecturer for this course, thus every of this lecturer will be affected too if the college discontinue the course. They could be appointed in teaching another course and subjects or even discharged by the colleges that will definitely reduce their level of income. Their motivation and enthusiasm in teaching will also decrease due to their dissatisfaction to the college. This could also affect the rest of the college employees and their level of production will start decreasing once they have lost faith to Mawar College. (Race 1999) Other than above, there are still many factors that the college has to realize and take into account before making their decision. As the course used to be famous, I can assume that certain scholarships and loans have been given to some students to further up their studies on this course. Therefore, it would be a tough and complicated task that these students have to gone through for the cancellation of loans or transferring their scholarships if this course has to be stopped. Certain welfare organizations such as Genting Malaysia and Hong Leong Group that provide free scholarships to Mawar College on this course will also feel discontent because it will burden up their works when the students have more enquiries regards on their transferring or cancellation of scholarships. (Sunway University College nd) People that do not understand the reason of why they discontinue the course might also claim that the only intention for the college is to make profits and ignore the future of the students. Thus, all these will trouble the college and they hardly to survive in the market as people and other Universities have lost their reliability to this college. The college might face problems when they have to search and look for other Universities and running their courses because these Universities also dread the same case will be happening again and affects their reputations. Mawar College will also face difficulties in employing high qualification lecturers due to their spoilt image and have no choice but to employ new lecturers without much teaching experiences. As they are new, most of them still could not master the lectures and issues such as the failing of students in exam could possibly occur because they do not know the correct ways of teaching the students. When the students are unable to show their achievements, again the reputation of the college will be affected. (BNET nd) All these clearly show that there are different non financial factors that the college has to consider and it is pertinent to make a correct decision in order to prevent any unforeseen circumstances from happening that could lead them into a deep fall and hardly for them to bounce back in the education industry. Part C Investment appraisal methods are act as a tool for planning an investment and decide whether or not to accept the projects. (Gotze et al 2008) There are a few different investment appraisal methods can be used, including discounted cash flow (DCF), payback, (Smith 2007) and Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) whereby DCF includes the methods of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The NPV under DCF has been recognized as the sound of all the investment appraisal methods due to its consideration on the time value of money. This time value of money refers to the amount of money that the business need to be compensated for forgoing the use of the money for a period of time if it has to be invested in a project. (Evans et al 2003) NPV is a method of including all the cash inflows and outflows that will be earned and used in a project at a chosen acceptable rate of return and taking the net total. (Evans et al 2003) Even though there are many advantages in using NPV, but payback method and ARR are still widely used and adopted by many businesses due to the limitations brought by NPV and benefits of payback and ARR methods. (Fabozzi and Peterson 2003) The weaknesses that business normally face when using this NPV approach is they hardly to make accurate long-term forecast of cash flows they can receive in the future. No company can predict the future cash flows as factors such as future sales, costs of labor, interest rate, and government policies can affect the estimated cash flows. Overestimation or underestimation can sometimes bring uncountable loss to the business. (Siddiqui and Siddiqui 2005) Further, in reality it is difficult for business to determine the discount rate, which is cost of finance or cost of capital. It is not an easy job to calculate various costs of finance such as share capital and loans. (Coombs et al 2005) They also have to take the bank interest rate, risk and future inflation into account when deciding the cost of capital because the money value of RM1 in the future will be lesser than its today value. (Bowhill 2008) Moreover, NPV method will assume that the discount rate will remain the same throughout the project running periods. But in fact, these discount rates are easily swayed from year to year. Business has to prognosis the future discount rate which sometimes might be a big differences compared to their forecast with the real situation. (Groppelli and Nikbakht 2006) Besides that, NPV also not suitable to be used in the situation when comparing projects with different lives times. (Siddiqui and Siddiqui 2005) They also have a weakness whereby they never take the size or capital invested into account but only look at the higher yield of NPV. (Moyer et al 2009) This can be shown by the example where a project with size RM1 million that yield NPV RM1500 will be recommended compare to other project with capital RM 1000 with a NPV of RM800. (Coombs 2005) Calculation of NPV which is expressed in money form is not favorable by most of the companies compared to percentage form. (Fabozzi and Peterson 2003) Payback method also has been called as payout method (Belkaoui 2001) and it refers to the number of years a project or investment will take to pay back the initial cash outlay. This is only done when the cumulative cash inflows equally same with the cash outflows. (Bowhill 2008) Payback method is still widely used because it offers information regard to the risk of the investment. Risk analysis can be made depends on the payback period of the investment. (Moyer et al 2009) Risks will be dwindled by using this payback method because it focuses on earlier cash flows and not the later cash flows which are hardly to predict especially in this fast pace world. (Walker 2009) The business will face less risk with the shorter payback period and vice versa. (Moyer et al 2009) Furthermore, payback method will clearly show the liquidity of the investment because it measure the net cash earned by the investment in shorter term. (Bowhill 2008) For company that always concern the liquidity of their businesses will definitely adopt this helpful method so they could know whether their businesses are in strong or weak liquidity to perform or carry out any plans or activities. (Moyer et al 2009) This simple to use and easy to understand method (Walker 2009) can be applied especially to small projects where only a simple decision is needed without consider other cash flow implications. (Bowhill 2008) There is no complicated calculation needed and thus many companies find it is the best way to check whether the money invested can be generated back in reasonable period of time. (Groppelli and Nikbakht 2006) Last but not least, ARR is the average annual profits divided by the initial investment and it also known as Return on Investment (ROI) that used for performance appraisal. (Walker 2009) The investment will only be accepted and applied if the ARR was the same or higher than the target rate set by the company. (Bowhill 2008) This percentage form of ARR is easy to compute and understand especially to business people because it sounds familiar as return on capital employed that mostly applied by companies. (Coombs 2005) ARR is always been used due to its consideration on all the returns and whole life of the investment into account. ARR is the only one that is based on the accounting profits and focus on accounting income rather than cash flows. (Belkaoui 2001) The amount and value calculated by ARR also relevant and used for financial statement presentation such as balance sheet. (Shim and Siegel 2004)

Proctor in The Crucible :: Arthur Miller

The Crucible In the The Crucible by Arthur Miller, justice is raped by the immorality of those who kill for pleasure. Salem 1690’s, an epidemic of accusations is going around the village. Women, Men and Children are accusing others of witchcraft. More than a dozen of girls fell ill, everything attributed to the devil. Men and Women are being killed by immoral accusations, some of them because of land disputes, but others because of forbidden passions. A forbidden passion between Proctor and Abigail leads into the tragedy of the play. Proctor is a man with a lot of moral problems, who always concerns only for the care of his family and social welfare. When avoiding his involvement in the trails of witchcraft, he is accused of witchery and sentenced to death. Arthur Miller shows us Proctor as a common farmer, who is honest, and respectable, who only cares for his family. Proctor lives in the town with his wife and their children. Nevertheless, as the play goes, Miller lets us know that Proctor has a significant secret, an extramarital relation with Abigail Williams, relation that was over for Proctor, but not for Abigail. In the following passage Abigail tells Proctor, why she loves him: â€Å"I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretense Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was thought by all these christians women and their covenanted men! and now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot! You loved me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet.†(page 177) Abigail does not want to believe that everything is over between her and Proctor. For Proctor everything is something of the past, while there is something in him that makes him feel love for Abigail. On the other hand, for Abigail, Proctor is everything and will make everything possible to get his love. Love that will soon come a passion that will set the tragedy in the play. In addition, this affair causes Elizabeth to not believe Proctor, which causes lack of communication between the matrimony. Proctor, who for seven months was trying to get Elizabeth trust again is tired of her suspicions, and tells that, â€Å"Spare me! you forget nothing and forgive nothing. Learn charity, woman.

Happy Chips Essay

The supply and management of a company have various difficulties in trying to manipulate the logistics of supply and making analysis of the whole performance of the supplying team. These issues apparently result from low surge and have had great inconveniences to stock and management. The reasons for these intensive difficulties are a result of malfunctioning of one group or department and thus disrupting the paths of supply. Prior to lack of frequency in stock-outs, poor customer response and high prices on the products of the supplying enterprise have the greatest impact then due customers. This results in reduction in profits and furthers the customer – supplier relationship. The operations of the supplying company have bigger effects on the customers unlike any other department involved in stock supply. This is well described from the logistics created by Harold, the director of Logistics explaining what Buy 4 Less had to go through due to malfunctioning of the Happy Chips’ management. The increased complexity in the supply operations make the methodologies that Buy 4 Less suggested to Happy Chips to implement so that both parties could benefit and improve the understanding of the results of poor management. The factors that led to failure in the various sections mentioned above by Buy 4 Less were associated to activities in the product’s delay leading to low costs of income. The problems addressed by Buy 4 Less and other customers of Happy Chips require a complex analysis of set activities or else a high cost in resources production but a reduced cost in selling the supplies. This is unfavorably good for Happy Chips management as they count it as a bigger loss. The activity based costing gives meaningful information about the driven cost from Happy Chips that Carter could have used to track down and establish a well published outcome that Wendell could have used to have simple and possible solutions to his problems (Kaplan, R et al 47) At this juncture, Wendell had to use more detailed analysis because the complexity of the problems had gone higher. This would have a negative result in averages as the original information was fraud or distorted at the segment point. Process cost interacts interchangeably with profit segmentation and this is what Wendell did not pay attention to. The customers are torn between moving on with Happy Chips as their supplier while they still think of vacating from the firm to another supplier. On the other hand, Happy Chips is a firm that has not qualified to national levels and could only operate at the primary and local levels thus losing Buy 4 Less firm would be a great loss. As a result Wendell has to confine into explicit measures of the costs of activities and tend to pay attention to communicating with Buy 4 Less firm whereas he improves management fitness. It is fantastic that many managers have the final rule but it is profound that Wendell gets objections from his colleagues. With anything that would give the customers better alternatives like relatively low costs for the products the firm makes, direct store delivery and distribution to various customers’ shops would rather sound finer and good to the customer himself. Being inconsiderate of the additional costs the supplier has to suffer by himself. In regard to the case demonstrated in the case of Happy Chips, Wendell is left with no option rather than to comply with the customer’s wish in order to benefit from the outcome of his firm (Kaplan, R et al 108). As a manager, he finds himself in a tougher situation because he is even forced to make the direct deliveries lesser than before. The objections from the colleague made it more difficult for him to decide the best of all the collections he had done in the Midwestern University on the cost analysis. The management had to include cost of utilities as well as the basic costs. These would also lower the income. In consideration to the defaults the management had to appeal to their best customers. Happy Chips has no options to guarantee their safety from loss but have only one way to save it. Accepting the decisions made by Buy 4 Less firm as due to lack of their appropriateness, they got the customers angry to no despicable point. For the safety of their reformation, they would have to comply with the customers’ decision in accordance to the logistic analysis. The direct cost of labor is a basis for bigger losses in the Happy Chips as the work would be increased but wages decrease. The cost of production would rise while the demand of the products decreases due to broken customer relationship. Eventually the firm would experience bigger losses in general. The changes desired by Buy 4 Less should be adhered to by Happy Chips firm. The core reason as to why they should comply is because they might end up closing the firm taking into consideration that the head of logistics who had already submitted the analysis of the outcome. From time to time, the company receives many offers to make and sell products at a lower price unlike the significantly high prices that many customers would not be confronted with buy. Due to this offer, the companies make a special decision making meeting with the board so they can either accept or reject it. For instance, Buy 4 Less is confronted to hit a very much lower cost in the products and even distributing them to customers’ premises. That would undoubtedly make a greater loss in the firm. Given conditions, the customers might disappear if Happy Chips does not comply with the requests and be left to die alone. Apparently, Wendell has no desirable option left with him and failure to eliminate these segments will be seen as lacking to comply with the current demands of the customers (Hitchner,et al 34). On the other hand, the amount of revenue required to be given by the Happy Chips firm is relevantly high. The special order requested by Buy 4 Less is relatively comparable to incremental revenues in addition to the normal costs. Wendell is liable to determine the total costs he is about to recur from accepting the request. From the analysis point of view, the unit-level request is basically far from the special request by Buy 4 Less firm and the latter should not be considered. Segment report analysis created by Wendell should show that he had orders in potatoes that were more reliable than any other supplier. In a good arranged order of the potato segment, he would restore the path of profitable sale of the same potatoes by dividing the segments according to grocery segment, drug and mass merchandise. From the analysis Wendell created from the University study of logistic, then this would help hip organize a presentable segment report. This report should not dwell on his colleagues and should stand upon making the critical decision in accepting the new orders to save his company. Increase in the mass merchandise would not affect the results of the new terms as far as the new order is still to be implemented. The new order should be defaulted and as a result the additional profits are evenly shared to the affected areas in the supplying company (Hitchner,et al 67). Conclusion Segment profitability is a mutual concept by itself and far from the common understanding of the difficulties expressed by Happy Chips firm. The whole problem should be addresses in an agreement, so that Happy Chips should consider complying with the granted order to avoid higher losses. The segment of profitability is mutually critical if the parties do not agree and come up with a common solution.

10th (or 11th) Grade Reading List

10th (or 11th) Grade Reading List Summer reading is a great way to  maintain fluency and reading level. The right book can also encourage independent reading. But finding the elusive book your teen or students will enjoy can be tricky. While many teachers rely on the classics when choosing books there are many contemporary YA titles that are perfect for the classroom. Using contemporary YA novels can also help foster a love of reading in teens who may have trouble relating to the more adult themes and antiquated language in some classics. Many teachers have begun to incorporate novels aimed at their students age level into their lessons to great success. When assigning summer reading it can be a good idea to allow students to choose from a list of different titles. This allows the student to have some control over their assignment and the opportunity to pick a book they are truly interested in. These are a sampling of the titles that often appear on high-school reading lists for 10th (or 11th) grade. Regardless of your age or skill, the books on this list are great introductions to literature.   These are a sampling of the titles that often appear on high-school reading lists for 10th (or 11th) grade. Regardless of your age or skill, the books on this list are great introductions to literature.   Reading List Animal Farm - George OrwellBrave New World - Aldous HuxleyCanterbury Tales - Geoffrey ChaucerGullivers Travels - Jonathan SwiftHeart of Darkness - Joseph ConradJane Eyre - Charlotte BronteLord Jim - Joseph ConradHarry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone - J.K. Rowling  The Color Purple - Alice Walker1984 - George OrwellPride and Prejudice - Jane AustenReturn of the Native - Thomas HardyThe Martian - Andy WeirNever Let Me Go - Kazuo Ishiguro100 Years of Solitude - Gabriel Garcia Marquà ©zSaint Joan - George Bernard ShawDune - Frank HerbertTheir Eyes Were Watching God - Zora Neale HurstonSilas Marner - George EliotInterpreter of Maladies - Jhumpa LahiriThe House on Mango Street - Sandra CisnerosTale of Two Cities - Charles DickensTurn of the Screw - Henry JamesTo the Lighthouse - Virginia WoolfWuthering Heights - Elizabeth BronteTo Kill a Mocking Bird - Harper LeeThings Fall Apart - Chinua AchebeThe Handmaids Tale - Margaret AtwoodThe Absolutely  True Diary of a Part-Time  Indian - S herman Alexie Lord of the Flies - William Golding  Persepolis - Marjane SatrapiSlaughter-House Five - Kurt VonnegutA Rasin in the Sun - Lorraine HansberryThe Book Thief - Mark ZusakFools Crow - James WelchThe Hunger Games - Suzanne CollinsThe Perks of Being a Wallflower - Stephen ChboskySpeak - Laurie Halse AndersonNative Son - Richard WrightThe Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy - Douglas AdamsThe Catcher in the Rye - J.D. SalingerLittle Brother - Cory DoctorowThe Bell Jar - Sylvia PlathThe Outsiders - S.E. HintonThe Fire Next Time - James BaldwinBeloved - Toni Morrison

Legal Draft Essays - Tort Law, Legal Ethics, Duty Of Care, Law

Legal Draft Essays - Tort Law, Legal Ethics, Duty Of Care, Law Legal Draft Good Morning your Honour, my name is Initial and I am representing the plaintiff, Knight, today in this matter. Your Honour would you grant me permission to dispense with full citations. My I please hand up my written submission Bart Brown, my client's employer, drove my client in a tractor he was fully aware was not safe and by doing this Mr Brown completely disregarded the duty of care he owed to my client. A crash was caused by the colliding of the tractor and the Ms Fiona Fair's vehicle. This breach of duty on Brown's behalf led to the serious injuries endured by my client, in which he is still now recovering from. Mr Brown owed my client a duty of care as the proximity of their relationship grants such, as employer to employee. In O'Connor v Commissioner for Government Transport [1954] HCA 11, the Court held that an employer owes a duty to take reasonable care for the safety of its workers "by providing proper and adequate means of carrying out his work without unnecessary risk..." The neighbour principal can validate this, as a neighbour is a person/s who are so closely and directly affected by the defendant's actions or omissions that he ought to responsibly have had them in contemplation. This principal was established was in the Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) AC562 by Lord Aitken. Now that an establishment has been made of the duty of care Brown owed to my client, I will prove how this responsibility was breached. The Civil Liability Act Section 9 states that In deciding whether a reasonable person would have taken precautions against a risk of harm, the court is to consider the following, the probability that the harm would occur if care were not taken, the likely seriousness of the harm, the burden of taking precautions to avoid the risk of harm, the social utility of the activity that creates the risk of harm. The defendant although aware that the vehicle was unregistered, uninsured and had faulty brakes he still put my client in a position where there was a high risk factor for an accident. The fact that this vehicle was clearly not road worthy poses as a greater likelihood for injury, which is reasonably foreseeable. I don't doubt that it would have been costly to fix the tractor however anyone in that vehicle at anytime is at high risk of resulting in an accident including the defendant, therefore servicing, registering and insuring the vehicle would have been in everybody's best interest. In Bankstown Foundry Pty Ltd v Braistina (1986) HCA 20 where the employee was injured whilst working the decisions was granted that "The common law requires no more of an employer than that he take reasonable care for the safety of his employee." Much like this case Brown was ultimately responsible for Mr Knight's safety, which he neglected to do resulting in the injuries, my client faces today. It is evident that Mr Brown had a Duty of Care for my client; he breached this duty of care and now the third element of negligence, causation. The 3 elements of causation are: 1. Damage was suffered, 2. The damage was caused by the defendant's negligence and 3.the damage was not too remote from the defendant's actions. Firstly, Damage, as a result of the crash Mr Knight has endured a fractured collarbone, a broken right leg and torn ligaments in his right hand. These damages would not have been caused if it were not for the crash caused by Mr Brown's negligence for not making he vehicle safe. The defence may argue that Brown wasn't necessarily the cause of the accident as if it wasn't for Ms Fair's misjudgement of intersection the crash would not have taken place. However, if the tractor's brakes were working properly the accident would have been avoided. In the case Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2002] UKHL 22, Fairchild contracted disease and died from the exposure to asbestos from working for two employers, because working for both employers equally led him to disease they were both liable. Although my client's damages are different to Fairchild, Mr Brown's negligence to allow

International Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

International Economics - Essay Example vements of goods and services from one country to another, globalization has made a revolutionary changes in the market especially when it comes with issues related to the burgeoisie or the employer and the proletariat which pertained to employees (Steger, 2003, p. 37). As a result of changing the traditional way of conducting business and employment under the era of globaliztion, the culture and traditions, social, and economic condition within a society changes. There is a positive and negative impact associated with globalization. The positive impact includes the fact that globalization open a lot of new business or employment opportunities to people living in developing countries. However, people who live in developed countries will also suffer from the consequences of transferring some of the available jobs to low-paid competitive individuals who are working in developing countries. Specifically the shift from a pure national economy towards a more globalized economy is possible through continuous global trade, outsourcing of goods and services, foreign direct investment, the use of information and communication technology, migration, and the international capital flows (Friedman, 2008, p. 49; Bhagwati, 2004). For this reason, Lopez (2000) stated that the â€Å"economic power of a country is no longer strongly associated with political power†. In relation to globalization, this study will discuss the main purpose of establishing the world trade organization and GATT. As part of going through the main discussion, the current and most recent trade negotiations at the world trade organization will be identified followed by assessing its economic benefit as a result of a successful conclusion. In line with this, the economic importance of encouraging fair price competition in the market, strategic ways on how the implementation of GATT rules were able to encourage fair price competition will be tackled in details. Globalization is â€Å"a process of interaction and

The religious culture of the Yami Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The religious culture of the Yami - Essay Example The â€Å"Legend of Imulud† demonstrates explains why bamboo, fish, iron, and silver are considered by the people of the Yami tribe to be of great importance. Silver which is assumed to have been discovered by the Son of Bamboo, is frequently used by the Yami for purposes such as ornamentation of helmets for ancestral ceremonies as well as when performing religious rites. On the other hand, Iron, which is alleged to have been discovered by son of Stone, is considered insignificant. The myth demonstrates the importance of Bamboo. Yami as well as many Asian cultures use bamboo for several purposes such as a delicacy for many households. The creation story depicts a harmonious association between the Yami and the fish. This is because the Yami value maline food. Therefore, the Yami culture is greatly embedded in the Yami creation myth. Therefore, the â€Å"Legend of Imulud† is crucial in explaining the creation of man as well as clarifying the social mores observed by the Yami society. The â€Å"Legend of Imulud† clearly explains the history of the Yami and the reasons why they respect certain objects. However, it fails to explain the Yami cosmology. By this, I mean that the concept of how the gods came into being is lacking. However, the myth is quite similar to the creation story in the bible, which also fails to explain the origin of God. Therefore, the myth demonstrates that not everything can be explained (Yami Culture Web). The Belief System The Yami belief system comprises of cosmogony that is considered as underdeveloped. However, some researchers argue that the cosmogony could have been developed but has regressed. The belief system is based on belief in aspects such as demons. However, the belief has some features that are reflective of Christianity practiced by denominations such as Protestants and Catholics. The Yami describe a pantheon comprising of numerous divine layers inhabited by different deities. The firs layer is considered the habitat for the main god who is referred to as Simo-Rapao. This god is considered in charge of all other gods. The other gods are supposed to report to him on all matters regarding the Irala people. Ayami myth claims that Simo-Rapao was responsible of creating the first two people. As aforementioned, the first two people were created from stone and bamboo. Simo-Rapao follows instructions from other gods and punishes wrongdoers as advised by the other gods. The pun ishments could be in terms of calamities that are capable of affecting the entire tribe. The second layer in inhabited by Sio-Mima, who is considered in charge of the world comprising of islands of Japan, America, Formosa, Ivatan. Si-Toriao is considered the occupant of the third layer. He is responsible of bringing rain as well as lightning. Si-Lovolovoin is considered the messenger of the gods. The Yami invoke Si-Lovolovoin in their chants especially during the fishing season when the natives request for plenty of flying fish (Leeming 278; Kuang web). Other gods such as Si-Videy and Si-Pariod occupy the lowest layer. The Yami myth claims that these two gods plenty of yams and taro and leave the people with very little food to survive on. When caterpillar invade the Yami territory, they blame it on Si-Videy and Si-Pariod. Pina-Langalangao and Sinan-Maniray are two female supernatural being that the Yami believe in. Although the two female gods are not considered part of the deities , the Yami believe that the two control the birth as well as the lifetime of the humans. According the Yima, the two female supernatural entities crack a coconut during birth and measure the juice that outpours. Additionally, the entities can assess the water-containing capacity and use it to determine the lifetime of an

Monetary policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monetary policy - Essay Example The normal fluctuation rate dictated by ERM is + or – 15 percent. However, countries that are able to maintain very high degree of convergence to the Euro can negotiate narrow fluctuation band (range). For example, Danish fluctuation rate has been allowed a narrow range of + or – 2.25 percent because it was able to maintain excellent convergence to the euro. The main reason of controlled currency fluctuations is to minimize foreign currency risks caused by high and sudden currency value fluctuations. Stabilization of the national currency through pegging system helps to promote trade by minimizing trading barriers. Trade barriers (increase in currency exchange costs) result from sudden fluctuations in foreign currencies that may increase cost of doing international business. Pegging currencies in the euro zone was aimed at speeding up the adoption of single market. In the event that European Union member currency surpasses predetermined currency fluctuation range, the E uropean Central Bank and the central bank of that nation should intervene by fixing foreign exchange rates consistent to country’s economic needs. This is in a bid to ensure that the exchange rates are kept within the fluctuation range. The European Central Bank can advance short term loans to rectify currency fluctuations in the short run caused by instant speculative pressure. However, short term interventions by The European Central Bank can be suspended if interventions contradict with objectives and aims of both the European Central Bank and country’s central bank. Membership to EMR II is not mandatory but is a prerequisite foe any country, which wants to join the euro zone. No country will be admitted to euro zone until it participated in EMR II for at least two years with no severe tensions and devaluations. ii) Advantages and disadvantages of resulting from agreements with EU to Peg the Pound to the Euro and join the European Monetary Union a) Pegging the Pound to the Euro When a country is pegged to a euro, movement in the euro is followed by movement in the currency associated with it. There are some advantages associated with pegging the pound to the euro. First, the euro is becoming popular. Euro has become favorable international currency for most governments. Most countries outside the euro zone have already pegged their currencies to the euro and are enjoying financial stability. Euro provides shelter against unexpected drops in individual currencies. Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Bosnia, Herzegovina and Cape have not adopted the euro but have pegged their currencies to the euro. This makes the euro stronger and stable. Secondly, pegging pound to euro will reduce pounds’ fluctuations (shocks). Pound will gain strength and stability as euro gain strength. According to Ghosh et al (2002), pound will achieve more clarity, transparency and predictability if pegged to the euro. This is because currency pegging imposes necessary d iscipline when country is dealing with foreign exchange currencies. Third, pegging pound to euro helps to enhance pound’s credibility. Credibility will be achieved when pound is pegged to euro, which has lower and increasingly predictable rate of inflation. There are disadvantages associated with pegging pound to the euro. First, pound is likely to lose value when euro loses value. This is because changes in anchor currencies will affect associated